Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions to Improve the Sleep of Korean Elderly: A Systematic Review / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#This systematic review investigated the effects of non-pharmacological interventions to improve the sleep of the Korean elderly at home and in facilities. @*Methods@#A literature search was performed using electronic databases (RISS, KISS, KMbase, KoreaMed, DBpia) from 2010 to 2021. Participants’ characteristics, intervention characteristics, and measured sleep outcomes were systematically reviewed. A qualitative appraisal of studies was performed using the RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I tools. @*Results@#Of 954 publications identified, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Two studies were randomized controlled trials and 21 studies were quasi-experimental designs with a non-equivalent control group. The contents of 23 intervention studies that aimed to improve sleep included massage, auricular acupressure therapy, laughter therapy, heat therapy, exercise, and aromatherapy. The Korean Sleep Scale A was the most frequently used sleep instrument, in 18 studies. Most interventions were effective in improving sleep, but some inconsistent results were reported. @*Conclusion@#Non-pharmacological interventions for the improvement of sleep in the elderly are useful as therapeutic interventions as part of nursing care, because they are simple and easy to apply. However, to draw clear conclusions about the effect of interventions, it will be necessary to gather results from intervention studies using rigorous methodologies in the future.

The Effects of Programs on Body-Image Improvement in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Purpose@#This study’s objective was to investigate the effects of programs that improve adolescents’ body image, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. @*Methods@#A literature search was performed in eleven electronic databases, using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Population characteristics, contents of the programs, and measured outcomes were systematically reviewed from 21 selected studies. To estimate the size of the effects, meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. @*Results@#The contents of the programs that aimed to improve body image included physical, psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural interventions. Sixteen studies were meta-analyzed to estimate the effect size of body-image improvement programs. Results showed that the program for body-image improvement had significant effects on body satisfaction (effect size [ES] = 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.23 to 0.89), and body dissatisfaction (ES = - 0.15, 95% CI = - 0.23 to - 0.08). @*Conclusion@#The program for body image improvement in adolescents includes a combination of physical, psychological, interpersonal relationship, and socio-cultural dimensions. The program that seeks to improve body image appears to be effective at increasing body satisfaction, and at reducing body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Thus, it is necessary to develop and apply multidimensional programs for adolescents to have a positive body image.

Risk Factors in Early Life for Preschool Children in Korea that are Associated with Being Overweight or Obese

ObjectivesThe present study addressed the risk factors in early life for Korean preschool children that are associated with being overweight or obese.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct this study, which included 507 mothers with preschool children aged 3–5 years, who attended daycare centers. Data were acquired via a self-administered questionnaire completed by the mothers. Of the 650 questionnaires that were distributed, 507 (78%) were completed and sent back. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors in early life, which may contribute to being overweight or obese in preschool children.ResultsFifty-eight (11.4%) preschool children were overweight and 41 (8.1%) were obese. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates, revealed a significant association with the introduction of solid foods before 4 months of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 9.49, p = 0.029] and a nonresponsive feeding style (aOR = 2.80, p = 0.043) with being overweight or obese in preschool children.ConclusionThe findings of this study highlighted the need for parenting education programs on feeding practices to increase their understanding of hunger and satiety cues in infants, and appropriate timing for the introduction of solid foods.

Maternal Perception of Children's Weight, Maternal Body Shape Satisfaction, and Maternal Feeding Styles in Preschool-Aged Children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of maternal perception (identification and satisfaction) of children's weight, maternal body shape satisfaction, and maternal feeding styles in Korean preschool-aged children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. Participants consisted of 287 pairs of preschool-aged children (3-6 years) and their mothers. Data were analyzed by chi2-test, Fisher's exact test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Among the 287 mothers, 47.7% underestimated their children's weight, while 15.7% overestimated it. 46.7% of the mothers wished their children weighed more, while 11.1% of them wished their children weighed less. The mean score of maternal body shape satisfaction was 83.75+/-28.77. The mean score of parent-centered feeding styles was 2.95+/-0.54, and the mean score of child-centered feeding styles was 3.33+/-0.42. There were statistically significant correlations between maternal identification of children's weight and children's body mass index (BMI) (r=-.366, p<.001). In addition, there were statistically significant correlations between maternal satisfaction of children's weight and children's BMI (r=-.484, p<.001), maternal BMI (r=-.126, p=.033), and maternal body shape satisfaction (r=-.127, p=.031). CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that intervention programs for mothers to develop more accurate perception of their child's weight should be established.

Relationship among Perception of Parenting Attitude, Behavior Problems and Resilience of School Age Children

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to describe the relationship of perception of parenting attitude, behavior problems and resilience of school age children. METHODS: Participants were 131 children enrolled in the 4th to 6th grades. Data were collected from November 29 to December 6, 2010 using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Parental Bonding Instrument, Korean version of Youth Self-Report, and Resilience. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 18.0 program. RESULTS: There were significant differences in resilience according to gender, relationship with peers, academic achievement and school satisfaction. Resilience showed a positive correlation with parental bonding attitude and negative correlation with problem behavior in the children. CONCLUSION: This result suggests that interventions focusing on parenting attitude to enhance resilience should be developed to help school age children.

Sugical treatment of mucositis and fungal infection in the acute leukemic patients